DataHaven on Insurance Fundamentals: Risk, Capital, and the Balance in Between

Yandy Plasencia from DataHaven offers an insightful way to think about how insurance really works behind the scenes and reframes the topic by pointing out that insurance isn’t just about policies, claims, or premiums in isolation. At its core, insurance is deeply connected to how money moves, grows, and supports the financial ecosystem as a whole.

Plasencia explains that when an insurance company collects a premium, that money doesn’t simply sit idle waiting for claims to come in. In fact, the first thing insurers typically do is invest those premiums and those investments play a critical role in keeping the business running. The returns generated in the capital markets help subsidise day-to-day insurance operations, from paying claims to covering administrative costs. In many ways, investment income is a quiet but essential engine that helps make insurance viable at scale.

This leads into what Plasencia describes as a balancing act at the heart of every insurance company. On one side, insurers take on risk from policyholders, this is the traditional risk transfer model most people are familiar with. On the other side, insurers must carefully deploy the premiums they’ve collected into investment instruments designed to provide reliable cash flow over time as that investment income eventually cycles back into the business, supporting underwriting, claims payments, and overall financial stability.

What makes this dynamic especially interesting, Plasencia notes, is that insurers aren’t managing just one type of risk as they’re managing two at the same time as there’s the risk tied to the policies themselves and the underlying exposures they’ve agreed to cover. However, there is capital markets risk which comes from how and where those premiums are invested as success in insurance depends on maintaining a healthy equilibrium between both, ensuring that neither underwriting risk nor investment risk gets out of hand.